HEREDITAS (MANDEL LAW)

The genetic etimologis derived from the Latin, the tribe genos meaning or origin. While the terminologis genetics is defined as a branch of science that learn tricks genes that are the basic biological units that control the nature of inheritance.

Reviewed in terms of history, thinking about genetics has started since the times of ancient Greece. Even if the term is not yet known genes, but talking about the arche (origin of all things) at that time debated, synonymous with the problems talking up the structure of the genes of living beings.

The thinkers of the Thales (640-550 BC), Anaximandros (611-545 BC), Phytagoras (± 532 BC), Anaximenes (588-524 BC), Heraklitos (535-475 BC), Empedokles (490-435 BC) , Demokritos (460-360 BC), Sofis (470 BC-I century BC), Plato (427-347 BC), Aristoteles (384-322 BC), Leeuwenhoek (to Century-17), Francesco Redi (1621-1627) , Lazardo Spallazani (1739-1799), Pasteur and Tyndall, Wolf (1974), Lamark (1744-1829), da Von Baer (1792-1876), Charles Darwin (1809-1882), Weisman (1834-1914) and still many other thinkers (1).

Discourse in relation to the genetic offspring (hereditas) as the basic momentum in genetic engineering (genetic enggenering) was first introduced by Gregor Mandel (1882-1884), which states that the transfer of nature does not always halt, but can have any pattern that can be estimated. In the offspring of a secret, he holds a series of experiments with the help science statistics. As biologist at that time, he was interested in the hybrid offspring that result from hybridization between plants of different characters.

The more specific you want to know Mandel laws which regulate production of hybrids. Initially he percobaannya decipher the hybrid plants that are fertilized with pollen made that come from plants, which each contain genes and dominant genes resesif (2). Available teoritisnya allegations, Mandel concluded that a contradiction between the form of hybrid genes resesif with other plants, the dominant genes will produce plants that have dominant genes, without resesif hybrid genes. However, when the hybrid genes have resesif cross be married with other plant genes resesif the same, then the hybrid will still be having exactly the same nature with the mother (3).

In short the theory of Mandel concluded that mother nature does not mix in the offspring. The resulting offspring have one mother nature (mother or father) and is highly dependent on the most dominant genes between the two.

After conducting another experiment, Mandel finally formulating important laws related to marrying a cross between the varieties with a different nature. Explicitly law-law read:

1) Marriages between plants or animals from two different varieties will produce offspring with the same mother.
2) All individuals who are descendants of the first is always the same.
3) If the resulting offspring have the same nature with one of the mother, the genes occur domination of one parent is (the dominant law).
4. If there is dominance, then the resulting offspring have 75% of the parent genes were dominant, while the other 25% of genes that do not have a parent dominant genes (Law Pisah).
5) combination that appears in the offspring that can be kind of party (free assortment Law) (2).

Laws raised Mandel is a basic genetic medern, so experts menganugrahi Biology degree with Mr. Mandel Modern Genetics. Mandel contribution given to the very large, modern science, as evidenced with Pisum as the basis in genetic research on the next century-the century (2).

Reading List
1. Daulay, S. P and M. Siregar. Cloning in the Islamic Perspective (Search for Ideal Relations Formulation Science and Religion).
2. Anna. C. Pai, Basics Genetics; Science for Society, Penerj. Muchidin Afandi, (Jakarta, Erlangga, 1987)
3. Vitezslav Orel, Mr. Mandel Modern Genetics. Penerj. Hadyana Pudjaatmaka, (Jakarta, Pustaka Utama graffiti, 1991).